Machine for raising metal spines



Oct. 29. 1940. A. F. HOESEL MACHINE FOR RAISING METAL SFINES 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 5, 1938 Inventor N. QM m D a a Q a 6N 06 N a. o w m @r mm, M 1 I ON rl Q 4 1 \m om A I om II 0 04 ox v .q 0 i mmvam My mm o, 0 9

ANTHONY F. HOESEL Oct. 29. 1940. A. F. HOESEL MACHINE FOR RAISING METAL SFINES 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 5, 1938 Inventor ANTHONY F. HOESEL fly L. KJM Attir- Oct. 29, 1940. HOESEL MACHINE FDR RAISING METAL SPINES Filed Feb. 5. 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 /////////////I/I/I/l/ll||lll\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ I 12 Den for ANTHONY F. H OESEL Oct. 29, 1940. A. F. HOESEL MACHINE FOR RAISING METAL SPINES Filed Feb. 5, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 NWMAN L E w 5 M rm MFM W n J eY W [0 N Aw &/

O 29. 1940' A. F. HOESEL MACHINE FOR RAISING METAL SPINES Filed Feb. 5, 195a e Sheets-Sheet s il gni ll. A55.

A. F. HOESEL MACHINE FOR RAISING METAL SFINES Filed Feb. 5, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 w ,0, Qk

Patented Oct. 29, 1940 2,219,315

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MACHINE FOR RAISING METAL SPINES Anthony F. Hoesel, Chicago, 111., assignor to Thermek Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware Application February 5, 1938, Serial No. 188,957

22 Claims. (Cl. 29-1) This invention relates to a method of and matures present in certain types of milling machine for raising spines from a solid surface, cuschines, it is understood that as many changes tomarily of metal. In the application of Kritzer, within the machine are possible as are present Serial No. 172,176, filed November 1, 1937, there within various kinds of milling machines analois disclosed a heat radiating member comprising gous thereto. 5 a pipe from the surface of which there extends The machine in general, comprises a plurality spines attenuating from the base to a sharp tip. of cutterscircularly arranged on a cutting head.

As disclosed in that application, the spines are This cutting head is adapted to revolve the cutprovided with a cross section which is noncir ters substantially tangent to the pipe with the 1;) cular in order to increase the ratio of heat transcutting edges below the line of tangency so that fer surface to mass. The spines disclosed therein a cutting action is obtained. One cutter is are of a size too small and in number too numeradapted to raise a sliver and thus perform a comous to permit, in a commercial sense, of individplete operation for making a spine. The entire ual joining to the pipe surface, such as by soldercutting head at the same time is revolved around 1.) ing or welding[ This pipe surface has spines the pipe so that the succeeding cutter is presented whose density is of the order of that obtaining in to a fresh pipe surface. This planetary motion a coarse, wire hairbrush. Obviously, a heat radiof the cutting head with respect to the pipe is at ating member of this type is of little commercial an angular speed substantially less than the anvalue unless a convenient, cheap and efiective gular speed of the cutters around the cutting process and machine is devised for the quantity head center- In fact, it is poss b to merely production thereof. It is, therefore, an object have one cutter make a complete revolution and of this invention to devise a method of and a strike the pipe surface at a fresh spot each time machine for making, such a heat radiating to raise all the spines. However, it is preferred member, to have a plurality of cutters, adjacent cutters In the machine to be described, the spines are raising adjacent spines so that the same cutter raised from the outer surface of a round member. will raise two spines separated by as many inter- However, it is obvious that the method may be vening spines as there are additional cutters on easily applied to members having different the cutting head. Obviously, the p p y be shapes, and indeed, may be applied to flat metal turned instead of the cutting head.

39 plates. In general, the method contemplates the Each cutter is provided with a cutting edge cutting of a sliver of metal for the major portion whose major length is at a small angle to the of its length along a line at a slight angle to the pipe axis, the angle being an angle of lag with length of the metal, in the case of a pipe this respect to the direction of motion of the cutting being along an angle to the axis of the pipe. The edge against the pipe surface. The rear of the base of the spine is then out along an angle cutter is adapted to start the cutting operation greater than the first angle and at the same time first and cut the Sp from thi3 p toward the the entire spine is raised up from the metal surbase. The cutting edge slopes downwardly toface. Preferably, a single cutter suitably shaped ward the pipe axisin other words, extends operates on one complete spine. In order to deeper into the metal as the front of the cutter cover the surface with spines, 9. new portion of is approached. The last portion of the cutting the metal surface is presented and a cutter thereedge is distorted to form a rearwardly curvilinear upon repeats the cycle. In the case of a pipe, at edge and swing the angle of shear of the metal substantially continuous feeding of the pipe in from the former slight small angle to a large the direction of its length is present which tends angle of the order of degrees so that the front a to place the various spines along a helix having of the cutter slips behind the spine and raises the 45 a uniform pitch. This, however, may be varied o p and clears he same to p h pi by means of intermittent feeding, well known in In s W y e component tending to Shea! the the machine art, so that a series of spines around metal is du ed ro P c a y degrees t the pipe on the circumference of a circle will be zero at which value the cutter merely Slides y 5 raised and thereafter the next succeeding series the p he very slight initial Component will be raised at a distance from the first. These tendin to r e t spine is increased until the difierences, however, are considered to be w thin Spine is raised 1 clear the Cutterthe scope of the general description and claims Referring to e drawings; of both the method and the machine. To the Figure 1 isatop view of the machine.

extent that this machine duplicates certain rea- Figure 2 is a side view of the machine. 55

Figure 3 is a detail of the pipe feeding portion of the machine.

Figure 4 is a section on 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a sectional detail on 5--5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a sectional detail on 56 of Figure 4 showing the pipe gripping means.

Figure 7 is a detail of the cutting head.

Figures 8 to 11, inclusive, show the various stages in the cutting and raising of a spine.

Figure 12 is an end view of a pipe having spines formed thereon by the machine.

Figure 13 is a side view of the pipe shown in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a detail showing the path of a spine from the pipe metal.

Figures 15 to 18, inclusive, are details of a cutter in various stages of manufacture.

Referring to the drawings, a base ID of iron is supported on legs l2. This base has a plurality of upstanding supports l3 to H inclusive, suitably bolted thereto and adapted to support the various pieces of mechanism composing the machine. Supports l3, l4 and I! are provided with bearings 20, 2| and 22 respectively. Rotatively mounted in these bearings is a main drive shaft 24 extending for substantially the length of the machine. Carried by the drive shaft near the front end of the machine-and hereafter this portion of the machine will be designated as the front end-is a sprocket wheel 25 driven by a chain 26 and adapted to be driven from a suitable source of power. 1

The feeding mechanism (Fig. 3) of the machine will now be described. Carried by shaft 24 at the rear end thereof is a gear 28. This gear meshes with another gear 29 carried by a stub shaft 30 rotatively mounted in bearings 3| and 32 carried by supports I! and I5 respectively. Stub shaft 30 carries a worm 33 which drives a worm gear 35 rigidly mounted on a feed drive shaft 36. This feed drive shaft is journalled in suitable bearings in upright supports 38, 39 and 40 rigidly bolted to base l0 and to upright I 6.

Feed drive shaft 36, in general, drives a plurality of members spaced around the pipe and adapted to grip the pipe tightly and feed it forward toward the front cutting end of the machine. Referring to Figure 3, wherein the feed mechanism is detailed, feed drive shaft 36 carries a pair of bevel gears 42 and 43 facing in opposite directions with their teeth outwardly disposed and preferably mounted between supports 39 and 40. Between the spaced bevel gears 42 and 43 is a feeding wheel 45 having a plurality of parallel grooves 46 cut therein. As clearly shown in Figure 3, the feeding wheel has a concave contour preferably of the same shape as that of pipe 50 to be fed thereby. Flanking supports 39 and 40 are supporting members 52 and 53 suitably carried by supports 38, 39, 49 and I6. Supporting member 53 carries an eccentric bearing 54 whose axis is perpendicular to that of feed drive shaft 36. Rotatively disposed in eccentric bearing 54 is a feed stub shaft 55 extending downwardly toward base 10 and suitably supported in a bearing in the base of the same general type as eccentric bearing 54.

Support 52 and base l0 similarly carry a feed stub shaft 56 parallel to the first stub shaft 55 and disposed on the other side of feed roller 45. Both feed stub shafts 55 and 56 carry bevel gears 60 to 63 inclusive, all identical with the companion bevel gears 42 and 43. The bevel gear pair 60 and BI have a feed roller 64 disposed therebetween while the opposed pair of gears 62 and 83 have a feed roll 65 therebetween. Both feed rolls 64 and 65 are identical with feed roll 45 so that further description is unnecessary. As clearly evident in Figure 3, the various feed rolls are disposed at 90 degrees to each other. An additional feed stub shaft 68 suitably journallecl between supports 39 and 40 carries bevel gears 10 and 1| with a feed roll 12 therebetween. As is clearly evident from Figure 3, all the bevel gears are the same size and thus drive the four feed rolls at the same speed. In practice, the feed rolls are so adjusted as to tightly grip pipe 53. It is preferable to provide eccentric bearings, such as 54, for all the feed driving shafts so that the gripping action on the pipe may be adjusted to provide the desired feeding force and support against torsional movement of the pipe due to the action of the cutting mechanism. Such adjustment may be made in any desired manner and to any desired degree.

During a cutting operation on the pipe, the end of the pipe emerging from the front of the machine at the cutting head is subjected to a strain which tends to rotate the pipe and deflect thev pipe at the same time. In order to firmly sup qrt the length 0f thepipe between the feed mechanism and thicuttiii'gmechanism; l

provided means whereby, in spite of the usual manufacturing tolerances of the pipe, it is nevertheless gripped firmly at all times and only permitted to move forward freely. This is accomplished in the following manner.

Referring to Figures 1 and 4-10 inclusive, a pillow block 15 is suitably supported upon members l4 and I5 of the base. This block is provided with an axial cylindrical bore 16 within which is disposed hub 11 of a sun gear '18. Pillow block 15 is preferably slotted at 19 and provided with clamping bolts which tend to contract the bore of the block so that a tight grip upon the hub 11 is effected. Hub ll of the sun gear itself is slotted at 8| to form a plurality of tongues so that the contraction of bore 16 is transmitted by hub 11 to a long stationary sleeve 83. As' clearly evident in Figure 4, sleeve 83 has a cylindrical bore 84 within the region encompassed by the sun gear and its hub and thereafter the sleeve bore is reduced to form a cylindrical chamber 85. It should be noted that cylindrical chamber 85 does not extend to the end of the sleeve 83 but instead has a shoulder 86 defining a slightly smaller bore 81 which finally terminates in an outwardly tapering conical chamber 88 at the forward end of the sleeve.

Disposed within sleeve 83 is a pull tube 90 having one end 9| disposed within sleeve 83 near the feeding mechanism. Enlarged portion 9| is adapted to snugly fit inside of chamber 84. Around pull tube 90 within chamber 84 is a coil spring 92 which is maintained in position between the shoulders formed by enlarged end 91 of the tube and reduced chamber 85. The front end of pull tube 90 is threaded at 94 on the interior thereof. A slotted collet 95, the main body of which is tapered to fit tapered bore 88, has its reduced end 96 screwed into the threaded end 94 of tube 90. As is clearly evident from the drawings, coil spring 92 tends to expand against enlarged end 9| of the tube and pull slotted collet 95 into the tapered channel 88. The entire tube length 90 is preferably large enough to comfortably clear pipe 58. However, collet 95 is just large enough to engage pipe 50 within any desired tolerance due to variations in pipe size. The angle of taper of the collet is preferably small enough so that any component of force perpendicular to the pipe, as side thrust of the cutting head, will have no effect upon the collet movement. Thus, I have found that for tubing having an outside diameter of about .840 inch and an inside diameter of inch, that a collet angle of about 10 degrees is satisfactory even if rather heavy cuts are taken. This, however, is a matter of design and depends upon the wall thickness of the pipe, upon the depth of the cut, and the hardness of the pipe, as well as the amount of permissible side play. By choosing a small collet angle, it is clear that the ratio of side thrust intensity to deflection of pipe is greatly increased so that deflection may .be reduced to a negligible value.

Thus it is evident that upon the turning of the main drive shaft 24 of the machine that the various feed wheels gripping the pipe from four sides will feed the pipe forward. The spring biased collet is adjusted so that thepipe moves forward toward the front of the machine and is tightly gripped very near to the point of cutting in spite of possible variations of tube size. The spines are cut on the pipe just as it emerges from the front of the machine at the collet 95. For this purpose a cutting head revoluble about the entire pipe is provided.

The cutting head comprises a casting I00 adapted to revolve around sleeve 83. Just beyond sun gear I8 a shoulder IN is formed on sleeve 83 and the remainder of the sleeve toward the front of the machine is reduced in size to form a fixed shaft I02. Disposed at the ends of shaft portion I02 are channel ball-bearing races I03 and I04 having a series of ballbearings I05 and I06 respectively and retained in place by the outer race members I01 and I08. Outer race members I01 and I08 of the ballbearings are driven into the ends of casting I00 so that this casting is rotatable about shaft portion I02. Casting I00 carries, or has formed thereon around the outside, a gear 0 which meshes with a gear I I I mounted upon main drive shaft 24. Thus, as the drive shaft turns, the entire casting I00 is rotated upon shaft portion Casting I00 has rotatably mounted therein in a an eccentric position a cutter shaft I I2 which extends in spaced parallel relationship to the axis of the pipe 50 upon which the machine operates. This cutter shaft I I2 is supported at spaced points by means of roller bearings H3 and H4 in rotatable relation to casting I00. In order to provide dynamic balance to the entire casting head, I prefer to form casting I00 in such a manner that a heavy flange H5 is formed diametrically oppositethe mounting for the cutter shaft I I2. By suitably proportioning the metal, the moments of inertia of different parts of the entire cutting head with reference to the center of shaft I02 may be equalized and thus reduce vibration.

The rear end of cutter shaft II2 carries a gear II8 maintained in place by a nut H9. 'Gear H8 is adapted to mesh with sun gear 18 and be turned thereby as gear II8 revolves around stationary sun gear I8. The front end of the cutter shaft I I2 carries a cutter support body I20-rigidly locked in position by means of a nut I2I. It is clear, therefore, that with reference to Figure 1, if main drive shaft 24 is turned clockwise as seen from the front of the machine, the entire cutting head will be turned anti-clockwise around pipe 50 as a center, while the cutter body I20 will be rotated anti-clockwise by virtue of the-rotation this angle of 20 degrees to the pipe axis.

of gear II8 around stationary gear 10. The gear ratios are so chosen that cutter shaft I I2 is turned at a decidedly greater speed than the entire cutting head around stationary shaft I02.

Referring now to Figures 7 and 15-18 inclusive, the cutter head I20 carries a plurality of cutter elements I25. Each cutter I25 has a rear serrated surface I20 which is driven into correspondingly shaped slots in head I20 so that each cutter is rigidly held by the head. The cutter top face I21 has an active cutting edge composed of a substantially straight portion I28 terminating in a rearwardly (with reference to the motion of the cutting edge) curved edge I29. The leading face I 30 of the cutter extends to an edge I3I intersecting the front side I32. However, near the top of the cutter, edge I3I is relieved by rounding off the metal so that front face I30 gradually merges into front side I32. The rear side of the cutter (with reference to facing the machine from the front) I33 opposite front side I32 is squared off to fit true against the cutter head. The top face I21 of the cutter is ground down to permit cutting edges I28 and I20 to function.

In practice, a blank I25 is prepared with serrated rear face I26 but otherwise of a generally rectangular shape. The blanks are driven into cutter head I20. The outer faces I36 of'the blanks I25 are then circle ground carefully to provide top face I31 by revolving the cutter head so that all cutters are the same. It will be noted that front side I32 of the cutter is longer than rear side I33 with the curved edge I29 extending outwardly from the cutter head more than the free end of the straight cutting edge. Obviously, since curved edge I29 digs into the metal deeper, this diametral taper is necessary. Thereafter the edge I3I is ground away at the top portion of the cutter to cause surface I30 to gradually and continuously merge into surface I32. This may be done by removing the cutters from the head and grinding to a predetermined curve. The bottom of the cutter is left flat to permit hammering the cutter home into the head. Then top face- I3l is carefully ground down below cutting edges I20 and I29 just enough to permit the top face I21 of the cutter to clear the pipe surface and permit proper cutting action.

Now referring to Figures 8-11 inclusive, the

straight cutting edge I28 of the cutter shears a sliver I40. Inasmuch as cutting edge I 28 tapers toward the pipe surface, the sliver I40 will taper from a sharp tip to its base. In practice, edge I28 also has a slight angularity with respect to the pipe axis or its own axis of rotation. The free tip-of edge I28 strikes the metal first. -An angle of about 20 degrees to the pipe axis of cutting edge I28 has been found to'be' satisfactory though other angles may be used. Ordinarily bed I4I of the spine would be disposed at However, due to the rotation of the cutter head about the pipe as Well as the forward feed of the pipe all operating continuously, the direction is somewhat changed and, as shown in Figure 14 is parallel for a particular gear set-up. Obviously, this may be varied. As the straight cutter edge bites into the pipe surface, the sliver or spine I40 is pushed out of the way of the advancing cutter. As the curved edge I29 strikes the metal, the angle of shear is rapidly changed from its original small value to a full degrees. As the angle of shear increases, the component tending to raise up the spine increases so that in Figures 10 and 11, the curved edge I29 of the cutter really slips around the bottom of the spine, straightens the spine to clear the cutter and leaves the spine .standing. Due to the taper of the entire cutter edge to produce the spine taper, the wall of the pipe is tapered down under the cutter. Thus, Figures 8-11 really show a pipe portion on whose entire 360 degrees of circumference spines have been cut but all of which spines have been removed except the last one being formed.

The initial 20 degree angle is preferably obtained by having the straight cutting edge I28 perpendicular to the cutter sides and disposing the cutters at the 20 degree angle in the head as shown in Figure 2.

It is clear that since one cutter produces one spine, the number of spines raised around one pipe journey of the head will be the number of cutters multiplied by the ratio of gear teeth, of 18 and H8. The pitch will be determined by the gear ratios of the pipe feeding means and may be computed in a manner similar to any screw cutting or milling machine. The depth of cut of each cutter is a matter of choice, as is the length of the cutter to determine the spine length and angle of out. By changing gears various arrangements of spines are possible.

What is claimed is:

1. In a machine for forming and raising spines on a surface, the combination of means for holding said metal surface, a cutter having a substantially straight cutting edge with one end of said cutting edge curved rearwardly of said straight portion, and means for continuously rotating said cutter relatively to said surface to consecutively cut slivers from the surface.

2. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a cutter having a straight cutting edge terminating in a rearwardly curved cutting edge portion, means for holding a piece of metal, and means for continuously moving the cutter relatively to said metal so that said outter digs into the metal and then comes out to form and raise a spine thereon.

3. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a cutter having a straight cutting edge portion terminating in a rearwardly curved cutting edge portion, means for holding a piece of metal to be operated upon, means for obtaining a cutting motion between said cutter and metal so that said cutter digs into the metal and then comes out to form and raise a spine, and feeding means for presenting a fresh portion of the metal to the cutter for repeated cutting operation.

4. In a machine for making and raising spines on a cylindrical surface, the combination of a cutter having a substantially straight cutting edge portion terminating in a rearwardly curved cutting portion, means for imparting cutting movements to said cutter at substantially right angles to the straight portion of the cutting edge with the cutting edge tilted with respect to the cylindrical surface so that the curved rear portion of the cutter extends deepest into the metal.

5. In a machine for operating upon a cylindrical member, the combination of a plurality of feeding wheels angularly disposed around said cylindrical member adapted to tightly grip said member and impart longitudinal motion thereto in one direction only, a gang of rotary cutters operating on a portion of the pipe andadapted to successively cut longitudinal strips from the pipe and to impose transverse forces thereon, means on the cutters for bending cut strips out of the path of the rotary cutter, and expansible means disposed adjacent to said last named operating means adapted to yield during feeding motions of said member but to tightly grip said member and resist movement thereof in transverse direction.

8. In a machine for operating upon a pipe, the combination of feeding means adapted to tightly grip said bar and feed said bar longitudinally in one direction only, a gang of cutters adapted to successively operate on said pipe and to create transverse forces on said pipe, the cutters being provided with means for bending the strips cut from the pipe transversely out of the path of the cutter. and means adjacent said cutting means for freely feeding said pipe but tightly gripping said pipe against transverse movement, said means comprising an expansible element surrounding said pipe and resiliently urged against the direction of fed and adapted to contract when moving against the direction of feed.

'7. In a machine of the character described, the combination of means for feeding a pipe longitudinally thereof, a cutting head carrying at least one cutter provided with a leading face and edge adapted to cut a spine from the surface of said metal rod and bend the spine transversely to the axis of the pipe, means for rotating said cutting head in a plane substantially perpendicular to the pipe'axis, said cutter being mounted in said head so its leading face and.

edge are at a slight angle to the rod axis.

8. In a machine of the character described, the combination of means for feeding a metal pipe longitudinally thereof in one direction, a cutting head carrying a cutter, means for revolving said cutting head in a plane substantially perpendicular to the rod axis with said cutter adapted to shear a metal spine from the surface of the pipe, said cutter having a cutting edge inclined with respect to the axis of rotation, and means for bending the spine from the surface of the pipe while leaving one end of the sheared strip attached to the pipe.

9. In a machine of the character described, a base, a plurality of feed wheels mounted on said base and adapted to engage a rod surface to feed said rod longitudinally, a cutting head carried by said base at a distance from said feed wheels,

cutters to operate upon said rod, each cutter having a substantially straight cutting edge inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the head wtih the end of the straight edge farthest from the axis of rotation terminating in a rearwardly directed curved cutting edge, and means for imparting relative rotary movement between said cutting head and said rod in a plane perpendicular to the rod, axis and at a speed substantially lower than the speed of rotation of said cutting head on its own axis whereby each cutter raises a spine on the surface of the rod.

10. The structure of claim 9 wherein each cutter has its cutting edge askew to provide a leading end of the cutter at the end of the cutting head remote from the curved portion of the cutter.

11. In a machine for raising spines from a wall, the combination of a cutter movable bodily in a circular path, and provided with a cutting edge inclined to cause it to intersect and pass out of the same face of the wall along different lines and initially gouge out a point of the stock and then continue the cut transversely of the circular path of the cutter to cut out a spine of the 76 desired length and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and bending the remainder out of the circular path of the cutter, means for continuously driving the cutter in a circular path for successive cuts, and mechanism for imparting relative movement to the gouging means and the wall for progressively cutting stripsfrom the wall, and so the gouging means will clear the attached ends of previously cut strips.

12. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe, the combination of a cutter provided with a cutting edge inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the same face of the wall along different lines and initially gouge out a point of the stock and then continue the cut transversely of the path of the cutter to cut out a spine of the desired length and with means for terminating the out to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and bending the remainder out of the path of the cutter, means for continuously driving the cutter so its leading edge will move in a path transversely to and for successive cuts, and mechanism for imparting relative movementto the cutter and wall to progressively cut strips from one face of the wall, and so as to clear the attached ends of previously cut strips.

13. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe-the combination of a cutter provided with a cutting edge inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the same face of the wall along different lines and initially gouge out a point of the stock and then progressively continue to cut transversely of the path of the cut ter to cut out a spine of the desired length and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and bending the remainder out of the circular path of the cutter, power-driven means for continuously moving the cutter in a circular path for successive cuts, and mechanism for imparting relative rotary movement to the cutter and wall for progressively cutting strips in circumferential succession from the stock in one face of the wall.

14. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe, the combination of a series of bodily rotatable cutters, each provided with means for gouging a strip from the pipe-wall, leaving one end of the strip integrally attached to the wall, means for continuously moving the cutters in a circular path for successive cuts into the wall, and mechanism for imparting relative movement to the cutters and the wall so the cutters will progressively gouge strips from the stock in one face of the wall in helical succession.

15. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe, the combination of a series of cutters movable in a circular path, each provided with a cutting edge and leading face inclined to path of movement of the cutters to intersect and pass out of the periphery of the pipe for gouging a strip from the wall, leaving one endof the strip integrally attached to the wall, means for continuously rotating the cutters for successive cuts into the wall, and means for imparting relative move ment to the cutters and the wall so the cutters will progressively cut strips from the stock in one face of the wall, in circumferential succession.

16. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe, the combination of a rotary cutter provided with a cutting edge and leading face inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the periphery of the wall along different lines and gouge a. point of the stock and progressively continue the cut transversely of the path of movement of the cutter to cut out a spine of the desired length and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and to bend the remainder out of the circular path of the cutter, means for imparting rotary movement to the cutter for successively cutting a strip from the wall, and means for imparting relative movement to the cutter and pipe for producing cuts in succession in the pipe.

1'7. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe, the combination of a rotary cutter provided with a cutting edge and leading face inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the periphery of the wall along different lines and gouge a point of the stock and progressively continue the cut transversely of the path of movement of the cutter to cut out a spine of the desired length and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and to bend the remainder out of the circular path of the cutter, means for imparting rotary movement to the cutter for successively cutting a strip from the wall, means for imparting relative movement to the cutter and pipe for producing cuts in circumferential succession in the pipe, and means for imparting relative movement to the cutter and wall lengthwise of the pipe to produce cuts in longitudinal progression.

18. In a machine for raising spines from a pipe, the combination of a rotary cutter head provided with a series of cutters, each provided with a cutting edge and leading face inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the periphcutting a strip from the wall, mechanism for imparting relative movement to the cutter and pipe for producing cuts in circumferential succession in the pipe, and mechanism for imparting relative movement to the cutter and wall lengthwise of the pipe, to produce cuts in longitudinal progression.

19. In a machine for raising spines from an element having a cylindrical wall, the combination of a series of rotary cutters, each having a cutting edge and'leading face inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the periphery of the wall along different lines and initially gouge out a point of the stock and continue the cut transversely of the path of movement of the cutter to cut out a spine of the desired length and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and bending the remainder out of the circular path of the cutter, and means for imparting planetary movement to the cutters, for producing cuts in circumferential succession around the periphery of the wall.

20. In a machine for raising spines from a wall, the combination of a cutter for cutting a strip from the stock in a face of the wall the cutter being provided with a cutting edge and a leading face inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the same face of the wall along different lines and gouge out a point of the stock and progressively continue the cut transversely of the path of the cutter to cut out a spine of thedesired length and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end oi. the spine integral with the stock and bending the remainder out of the path of the cutter, means for operating the cutter to consecutively cut strips from the wall with one end integrally attached, and mechanism for relatively moving the cutter and the wall to produce longitudinally and partially overlapping cutting strokes into the wall, which clear the attached ends of previously cut strips.

21. A machine for forming spines of a metal surface comprising means for holding the metal surface upon which the said spines are to be formed, means'for cutting a sliver of metal with one end of said sliver only free from said surface provided with a leading face and cutting edge inclined for changing the cutting angle to reduce the cutting component and create a component for raising the sliver and for bending the sliver out of the path of the cutter and leaving one end attached to the surface. and means for continuously operating the cutting means to consecutively cut the slivers from the surface, and means'ior operating the cutter to intersect and pass out of the same face of the wall and bending the spines away from the wall.

22. A machine for raising spines on a wall of stock for heat exchange elements comprising a cutter, means for continuously moving the cutter bodily in a circular path, the cutter being provided with a cutting edge inclined to cause the edge to intersect and pass out of the same face of the wall along different lines and initially gouge out a point of-the stock and then progressively continue the cut transversely of the cutting plane to cut out a spine of the desired length, and with means for terminating the cut to leave the last end of the spine integral with the stock and bending the remainder out of the the cutter.

ANTHONY F. HOESEL.

plane of 

